Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Properties of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers of 4- 4-(9H-Carbazol-9-Yl)Butoxy Benzoate: The Effect of Bidentate Nitrogen Donors on Luminescence

A new aromatic carboxylate ligand, 4-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butoxy]benzoic acid (HL), has been synthesized by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid with a 9-butyl-9H-carbazole moiety. The anion derived from HL has been used for the support of a series of lanthanide coordination compounds [Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2) and Tb (3)]. The new lanthanide complexes have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Complex 3 was structurally authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to exist as a solvent-free 1D coordination polymer with the formula [Tb(L)(3)](n). The structural data reveal that the terbium atoms in compound 3 reside in an octahedral ligand environment that is somewhat unusual for a lanthanide. It is interesting to note that each carboxylate group exhibits only a bridging-bidentate mode, with a complete lack of more complex connectivities that are commonly observed for extended lanthanide-containing solid-state structures. Examination of the packing diagram for 3 revealed the existence of two-dimensional molecular arrays held together by means of CH-pi interactions. Aromatic carboxylates of the lanthanides are known to exhibit highly efficient luminescence, thus offering the promise of applicability as optical devices. However, due to difficulties that arise on account of their polymeric nature, their practical application is somewhat limited. Accordingly, synthetic routes to discrete molecular species are highly desirable. For this purpose, a series of ternary lanthanide complexes was designed, synthesized and characterized, namely [Eu(L)(3)(phen)] (4), [Eu(L)(3)(tmphen)] (5), [Tb(L)(3)(phen)] (6) and [Tb(L)(3)(tmphen)] (7) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and tmphen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). The photophysical properties of the foregoing complexes in the solid state at room temperature have been investigated. The quantum yields of the ternary complexes 4 (9.65%), 5 (21.00%), 6 (14.07%) and 7 (32.42%), were found to be significantly enhanced in the presence of bidentate nitrogen donors when compared with those of the corresponding binary compounds 1 (0.11%) and 3 (1.45%). Presumably this is due to effective energy transfer from the ancillary ligands.Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-TAPSUN Project) SSL, NWP-55CSIR, New DelhiRobert A. Welch Foundation F-0003Chemistr

MICROANGIOGRAM VIDEO COMPRESSION USING ADAPTIVE PREDICTION

Coronary angiography is an X-ray examination of the heart\u27s arteries. This is an essential technique for diagnosis of heart damages. Image sequences from digital angiography contain areas of high diagnostic interest. Loss of information due to compression for regions of interest (ROI) in angiograms is not tolerable. Since Commercially available technology such as JPEG and MPEG do not satisfy medical requirements due to their severe blockartifacts. In this paper, a new compression algorithm that achieves high compression ratio and excellent reconstruction quality for video rate or sub-video rate angiograms is developed. The proposed algorithm exploits temporal spatial and spectral redundancies in backward adaptive fashion with Extremely low side information. An experimental result shows that the proposed scheme provides significant improvements in compression efficiencies

Assessing the Impact of Religions and Castes on Population Fertility in an EAG District of India

Culture and subculture have given an imprint on social and economic development. Alongside, it has an impact on different aspects of social change and the extent of modernisation in a region. The present study investigates the role of religion and caste in determining the fertility and the causes responsible for religious and caste fertility differential in Sagar district. This district is geographically located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.  To examine the contribution of religion and caste on a change in fertility in temporal scale, both primary and secondary data have been collected and were used for the analysis of the results of this study. The primary data, which was collected through a field survey, were conducted in the study area, and the secondary data were obtained from the Census of India (1981-2011). In order to receive more accurate results, statistical techniques—Multiple Classification Analysis, Logistic Regression Analysis and Decomposition Analysis have been applied. To find out the role of individual socioeconomic characteristics on religious fertility, Multiple classification analysis technique has been used in this study and Logistic regression analysis was applied to probe the likelihood of contraception adoption by the various socioeconomic backgrounds, while, Decomposition analysis has been conducted to probe the religious and caste composition change on temporal scale fertility change. The findings demonstrate that the Muslim and Scheduled population (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) have very high fertility than that of the other segments of society. Moreover, the inclination of fertility transition (from high to low) among other religions (Christians, Sikh and Jain) begins earlier than that of the Hindus, Muslims and Scheduled population. As per the decomposition analysis, the share of Hindu population was more prominent in reducing the fertility which gradually decreased from the decade 1981-91 to 2001-11, while the share of the schedule population and others religions have dramatically decreased during the period.  On the other hand, the role of scheduled population and Muslim community has phenomenally increased for changing fertility behaviour. The analysis of the study suggests that education and adequate employment opportunities have reduced the role of religion and caste on fertility in the study area. &nbsp

Carer Supports in Reading-Writing for Children with Learning Difficulties: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Pilot Survey

When carers are involved in the reading-writing activities of their children at home, their academic performance shows improvement. In this study, a descriptive exploratory survey research design is used to evaluate the nature, type, length, quality, quantity, extensity, and intensity of such carer supports. Following a six-step tool development process, including a review of the relevant tools, and expert validation, an investigator-designed 10-item unstructured questionnaire was administered through open-ended interviews with a random sample of 143 carers of 120 students (comprised of 60 boys and 60 girls in the age group of 6-15 years) suspected of academic difficulties. The derived data in the form of yes/no responses and descriptive narrations by carers was recorded, content-analyzed, coded, scored, and collaboratively evaluated as frequency counts, percentages, and inferential non-parametric statistics. The results were analysed for key parameters like (i) place of study; (ii) time of study; (iii) study materials; (iv) initiation to study; (v) availability of support; (vi) timetable or curriculum; (vii) supervision; (viii) extracurricular activities; (ix) gadget use; and, (x) future goals. The findings are profiled, discussed, and highlighted along with recommended remedies in light of their implications or utility for reading-writing in such affected children. Keywords: Parents, home settings, study habits, gadget use DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-24-05 Publication date:August 31st 202

Transport Anisotropy And Percolation In The Two-Dimensional Random-Hopping Model

We consider hopping transport on an anisotropic two-dimensional square lattice. The displacements parallel to one axis are governed by uniform, nearest-neighbor hopping rates c, while the displacements parallel to the other axis are governed by static but spatially fluctuating rates wn. Adapting a new class of generating functions recently introduced for the random-trapping problem, we are able to obtain expressions for the mean-square displacement in the fluctuating direction through an exact decoupling of the effects due to displacements in the uniform direction. The resulting expressions for the low-frequency diffusion coefficient D(ε) are exact in the limits c →0 [D(0)=1/w-1] and c → ∞ [D(0)=〈w〉]. Moreover, when the condition of long-time isotropy is imposed we obtain expressions which are, to lowest order in the fluctuations, identical to results obtained in the effective-medium approximation for the square lattice with fluctuating rates in both directions. The present method offers the possibility of systematic improvements to the effective-medium results for the dc conductivity and frequency corrections

Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) & U(VI) with Benzilic, ɑ-Phenyllactic & Mandelic Acids

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Physical layer impairments based optical routing

In optical networks, physical layer impairments (PLIs) incurred by non-ideal optical transmission media, accumulates along the optical path. The overall effect of PLIs determines the feasibility of the light-paths. It is important to understand the process that provide PLI information to the central manager and use this information efficiently to compute feasible routes and wavelengths. Based on the PLI impairments like fiber attenuation, chromatic dispersion ,cross talk, amplifier spontaneous noise and polarization mode dispersion, which reflects the Quality of service, factors (Q-Factor); In this project we worked about both linear and non linear physical layer impairments and calculated parameters like power loss , channel capacity and Quality factor of all possible paths. From that we proposed centralized PLI based routing algorithm is proposed for the selection of data-paths

Chemical Characterisation of Bulk and Melt-spun Ribbons of NiMnIn alloy using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Method development for the analysis of NiMnIn, a new magnetocaloric effect (MCE) material using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) is discussed. Spectral interference of Ni and Mn on the analysis of In were studied. The process of method validation was carried out using various analytical techniques like conventional wet chemical techniques and instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry. All the techniques show a close agreement in values, thus this method could be applied for regular analysis of NiMnIn alloys. A comparative chemical analysis of bulk and melt-spun ribbons of this alloy is also discussed.Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(3), pp.270-274, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.39

Effect of Ag+ ion Concentration on the Reaction Kinetics and Shape of Nanoparticles Synthesised by Green Chemical Approach

The effect of varying Ag+ ion concentration on the green chemical reaction with a fixed tea aliquot concentration has been studied in detail with the help of UV-visible absorption spectra. With increase in the concentration of Ag+ solution the position of surface plasmon band systematically increased from 435 nm – 450 nm. The reaction followed first order kinetics and the rate of reaction increased in a linear fashion with k = 3.54 x 10-4 min-1 for 0.5 mL to k = 1.86 x 10-3 min-1 for 3.0 mL Ag+ solution. X-ray diffraction patterns showed an enhanced (200) reflection for 3.0 mL Ag sample. The shape of Ag nanoparticles could be effectively tuned from spherical to cuboid with increase in silver content as evidenced from scanning electron and transmission electron micrographs. The average particle size of Ag NPs increased from 25 nm to 55 nm with increase in the Ag+ content of the reaction